GIG ECONOMY DAN PERLINDUNGAN PEKERJA PLATFORM: TINJAUAN HUKUM KEBIJAKAN EKONOMI TERHADAP SISTEM PENILAIAN KINERJA (RATING) DI INDONESIA
Abstract
The development of the digital economy in Indonesia has driven the emergence of the gig economy, characterized by
the increasing use of app-based platforms across various
sectors, including ride-hailing, delivery services, and
household services. This transformation presents legal
challenges, particularly concerning the status of the
relationship between platform workers and application
service companies, which is generally structured on a
partnership model. Furthermore, legal protection for
platform workers remains limited, especially with regard to
the use of performance rating systems that directly affect
workers' opportunities to obtain work, their income levels,
and the continuity of their partnership arrangements. This
study aims to examine the implications of rating systems for
the
protection of platform workers' rights from the
perspective of economic policy law. The method employed is
normative juridical research with a comparative approach,
conducted through the analysis of legislation, platform
policies, court decisions, as well as relevant literature and
practices across several countries. The findings indicate that
Indonesia's existing labor regulations have yet to adequately
accommodate the distinctive characteristics of employment
relationships within digital platform ecosystems. Moreover,
the implementation of rating systems managed unilaterally by
platform companies has the potential to create an imbalance
in legal relationships, as such systems are not accompanied
by clear and transparent contestation mechanisms.
Accordingly, a dedicated policy framework is needed to
govern platform worker protection, including restrictions on
the use of ratings as a basis for imposing sanctions, and the
establishment of a supervisory mechanism involving the
government, platform companies, and workers, with a view to
ensuring legal certainty and a fair balance of interests among
all parties concerned.
